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Intermediate

The Environment and Where People Live

AicademyAicademy
·AQA GCSE French
T3 Theme 3: Communication and the world around us

Aligned to the AQA 8652 specification

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
7 min
Published
11 July 2026
On this page
  1. 1.Environmental Problems
  2. 2.Solutions and Protecting the Planet
  3. 3.Saying What Must Be Done: il faut + infinitive
  4. 4.Giving Advice: on devrait and on pourrait
  5. 5.Where People Live: Town versus Country
  6. 6.Boost Your Answer: Negatives, Plans and Connectives
  7. 7.Common Mistakes with the Environment

Key takeaways

  • Name the problems: la pollution (pollution), le réchauffement climatique (global warming), les déchets (waste/rubbish).
  • Name the solutions: recycler (to recycle), économiser l'énergie (to save energy), utiliser les transports en commun (to use public transport).
  • Say what must be done with il faut + infinitive (one must) and on doit + infinitive (we must); il faut is impersonal and never changes.
  • Give advice with the conditional on devrait / on pourrait + infinitive (we should / we could) — this is Higher tier.
  • Le réchauffement, l'environnement and le changement are masculine; la pollution and la circulation are feminine.

Environmental Problems

Answers on this topic begin by naming the problems. Learn each noun with its gender and, where you can, a matching verb.

FrançaisEnglish
l'environnement (m)the environment
la pollutionpollution
le réchauffement climatiqueglobal warming
le changement climatiqueclimate change
les déchets (m)waste / rubbish
l'effet de serre (m)the greenhouse effect
les gaz d'échappement (m)exhaust fumes
la circulationtraffic
les embouteillages (m)traffic jams
polluerto pollute
gaspillerto waste

Worked example: La pollution de l'air et le réchauffement climatique sont les problèmes les plus graves aujourd'hui. — Air pollution and global warming are the most serious problems today.

Le réchauffement and l'environnement are masculine despite their length; la pollution and la circulation are feminine. Learn the article, not just the word.

Solutions and Protecting the Planet

For every problem, examiners want a solution. These verbs and phrases describe what people can do to help.

FrançaisEnglish
recyclerto recycle
le recyclagerecycling
économiser l'énergie / l'eauto save energy / water
réduireto reduce
réutiliserto reuse
trier les déchetsto sort the waste
éteindre les lumièresto turn off the lights
utiliser les transports en communto use public transport
protéger la planèteto protect the planet
les énergies renouvelables (f)renewable energy
planter des arbresto plant trees

Worked example: Pour protéger la planète, il faut recycler les déchets et utiliser les transports en commun. — To protect the planet, we must recycle waste and use public transport.

The "three Rs" work in French too: réduire, réutiliser, recycler. Learning them as a set gives you an instant, memorable answer.

Saying What Must Be Done: il faut + infinitive

The environment is all about what we must do, so the key structure is an obligation phrase followed by an infinitive.

StructureEnglishExemple
il faut + infinitifone must / it is necessary toIl faut économiser l'eau.
il ne faut pas + inf.one must notIl ne faut pas gaspiller.
on doit + infinitifwe must / have toOn doit recycler plus.
on peut + infinitifwe canOn peut planter des arbres.

il faut is impersonal: it has no subject and never changes form. It comes from the verb falloir, and its past is il fallait, its future il faudra.

Worked examples:

  • Il faut réduire la pollution et trier les déchets à la maison. — We must reduce pollution and sort the waste at home.
  • Il ne faut pas jeter le plastique dans la nature. — We must not throw plastic into nature.
  • On doit économiser l'énergie et éteindre les lumières le soir. — We must save energy and turn off the lights in the evening.

Giving Advice: on devrait and on pourrait

To sound more sophisticated, soften an order into advice with the conditional. These forms mean "should" and "could".

(Higher tier) The conditional (je devrais, on pourrait) is a Higher-tier structure. Foundation students can stick with il faut and on doit.

StructureEnglishExemple
on devrait + infinitifwe shouldOn devrait recycler davantage.
on pourrait + infinitifwe couldOn pourrait utiliser le covoiturage.
je voudrais + infinitifI would like toJe voudrais aider la planète.

Worked examples:

  • On devrait utiliser les transports en commun au lieu de la voiture. — We should use public transport instead of the car.
  • On pourrait installer des panneaux solaires sur les maisons. — We could install solar panels on houses.
  • À mon avis, tout le monde devrait faire un effort pour l'environnement. — In my opinion, everyone should make an effort for the environment.

Je voudrais (I would like) is the one conditional form you can use even at Foundation, because it is learned as a fixed polite phrase.

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Where People Live: Town versus Country

The topic also covers where people live. Contrast the town (la ville) with the countryside (la campagne) and describe your local area.

FrançaisEnglish
la villethe town / city
la campagnethe countryside
le villagethe village
la banlieuethe suburbs
le quartierthe neighbourhood
bruyant / calmenoisy / quiet
propre / saleclean / dirty
animé(e)lively
l'immeuble (m)the block of flats
les espaces verts (m)green spaces

Worked examples:

  • La ville est plus bruyante que la campagne, mais elle est plus animée. — The town is noisier than the countryside, but it is livelier.
  • À la campagne, il y a moins de pollution et l'air est plus propre. — In the countryside, there is less pollution and the air is cleaner.
  • Je préfère mon quartier parce qu'il y a beaucoup d'espaces verts. — I prefer my neighbourhood because there are lots of green spaces.

Remember adjectives agree: une ville animée, des quartiers calmes, une rue propre.

Boost Your Answer: Negatives, Plans and Connectives

To reach the top bands, use a negative to sharpen a point, add a near-future resolution, and link ideas with connectives.

FrançaisEnglish
ne… pas asseznot… enough
ne… jamaisnever
ne… plusno longer (Higher)
je vais + infinitifI'm going to…
parce que / carbecause
par conséquentas a result

Worked examples:

  • On ne recycle pas assez, et beaucoup de gens ne trient jamais leurs déchets. — We don't recycle enough, and many people never sort their waste.
  • À l'avenir, je vais économiser l'eau et utiliser mon vélo pour aller à l'école. — In the future, I'm going to save water and use my bike to get to school.
  • La pollution augmente, par conséquent il faut agir maintenant. — Pollution is rising; as a result, we must act now.

Common Mistakes with the Environment

1. Conjugating il faut

Il faut is impersonal and stays fixed: il faut recycler. Do not write je faut, nous fallons or try to make it agree with a subject.

2. Conjugating the verb after an obligation structure

The verb after il faut, on doit or on devrait stays in the infinitive: il faut recycler, not il faut recyclons. The same applies to on peut and on pourrait.

3. Getting the gender of key nouns wrong

Le réchauffement, l'environnement and le changement are masculine; la pollution and la circulation are feminine. The endings -ment (m) and -tion (f) are reliable clues.

4. Treating on devrait as Foundation

The conditional on devrait / on pourrait (we should / could) is Higher tier. If you are on Foundation, express obligation with il faut or on doit instead.

5. Wrong preposition for town and country

Say en ville (in town) but à la campagne (in the countryside). Do not write dans la campagne or à la ville for the general idea.

Key terms

le réchauffement climatique
Global warming: a masculine noun, e.g. le réchauffement climatique est un problème mondial.
il faut + infinitif
An impersonal obligation structure meaning one must / it is necessary to, which never changes form, e.g. il faut recycler.
on devrait + infinitif
The conditional of devoir meaning we should, used to give advice; a Higher-tier structure, e.g. on devrait planter des arbres.

Frequently asked questions

Use an obligation structure plus an infinitive: il faut protéger l'environnement (one must protect the environment) or on doit protéger l'environnement (we must protect the environment).

Pollution is la pollution and global warming is le réchauffement climatique. Climate change is le changement climatique and waste/rubbish is les déchets.

Il faut + infinitive is a strong, impersonal obligation (one must) and never changes form. On devrait + infinitive is the conditional (we should), a softer piece of advice, and is Higher tier.

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