Track progress, take quizzes and save notes on this lesson.

Free forever · no card needed

Start free
Intermediate

Prepositions and Contractions

AicademyAicademy
·AQA GCSE French
GB Grammar: the building blocks

Aligned to the AQA 8652 specification

Level
Intermediate
Reading time
6 min
Published
11 July 2026
On this page
  1. 1.The Two Most Important Contractions
  2. 2.à and de After Verbs
  3. 3.à and de for Sports, Games and Instruments
  4. 4.en, à, au and aux with Countries and Cities
  5. 5.Other Common Prepositions
  6. 6.pour, sans and de: Special Uses
  7. 7.Common Mistakes with Prepositions

Key takeaways

  • à and de contract with le and les: à + le = au, à + les = aux, de + le = du, de + les = des. à la, à l', de la and de l' never contract.
  • For countries use en with feminine countries (en France), au with masculine (au Portugal) and aux with plural (aux États-Unis); use à for towns and cities (à Paris).
  • jouer à is used for sports and games (jouer au foot) but jouer de is used for instruments (jouer du piano).
  • pour and sans are followed by the infinitive: pour apprendre (in order to learn), sans manger (without eating).
  • de shows possession, where English uses apostrophe-s: le sac de Léa means Léa's bag.

The Two Most Important Contractions

The prepositions à (to / at / in) and de (of / from) merge with the definite articles le and les. This merging is compulsory — you can never write à le or de le:

CombinationContracts toExample
à + leauJe vais au parc. (I go to the park.)
à + lesauxJe parle aux élèves. (I speak to the pupils.)
de + leduJe viens du cinéma. (I come from the cinema.)
de + lesdesla couleur des murs (the colour of the walls)

The other two articles, la and l', do not contract. They stay as separate words:

  • Je vais à la piscine. — I go to the swimming pool.
  • Il rentre **de l'**école. — He comes back from school.

Memorise it as a pair: au / aux / du / des are forced contractions; à la / à l' / de la / de l' are always left alone.

à and de After Verbs

Many French verbs are followed by a fixed preposition before a second verb (an infinitive). These pairings must be learnt with the verb:

Verb + prepositionMeaningExample
commencer àto begin toJe commence à comprendre. (I begin to understand.)
apprendre àto learn toJ'apprends à nager. (I am learning to swim.)
décider deto decide toIl décide de partir. (He decides to leave.)
essayer deto try toJ'essaie de finir. (I try to finish.)
oublier deto forget toJ'ai oublié de téléphoner. (I forgot to phone.)

Some verbs take no preposition at all before the infinitive, such as aimer, vouloir, pouvoir and devoir: J'aime danser (I like to dance). Always store each verb with the preposition it needs.

à and de for Sports, Games and Instruments

The verb jouer (to play) uses a different preposition depending on what is being played, and both contract with the article:

TypePrepositionExample
Sports & gamesàJe joue au foot. (I play football.)
Sports & gamesàElles jouent aux cartes. (They play cards.)
InstrumentsdeJe joue du piano. (I play the piano.)
InstrumentsdeIl joue de la guitare. (He plays the guitar.)

So it is jouer au tennis but jouer de la batterie (to play the drums). Mixing them up (jouer du foot) is a common slip.

Sports take àau / à la / aux. Instruments take dedu / de la / des.

en, à, au and aux with Countries and Cities

To say "to" or "in" a place, French chooses the preposition by the gender and number of the country. Most countries ending in -e are feminine:

Type of placePrepositionExamples
Feminine countryenen France, en Espagne, en Italie
Masculine countryauau Portugal, au Canada, au Japon
Plural countryauxaux États-Unis, aux Pays-Bas
Town or cityàà Paris, à Londres, à Madrid

Examples in full sentences:

  • Je passe mes vacances en France. — I spend my holidays in France.
  • Ma cousine habite au Canada. — My cousin lives in Canada.
  • Nous allons aux États-Unis. — We are going to the United States.
  • Ils travaillent à Marseille. — They work in Marseille.

Countries starting with a vowel take en whatever their gender: en Iran, en Afghanistan.

How much of this have you taken in?

Quiz yourself on this section, free, no card needed.

Test myself

Other Common Prepositions

Beyond à and de, a set of prepositions handles position and relationships. Learn them with a clear example:

PrepositionMeaningExample
dansin / insideLe chat est dans la boîte. (The cat is in the box.)
suronLe livre est sur la table. (The book is on the table.)
sousunderLe chien dort sous le lit. (The dog sleeps under the bed.)
chezat the home ofJe suis chez moi. (I am at home / at my place.)
avecwithJe viens avec mes amis. (I come with my friends.)
sanswithoutun café sans sucre (a coffee without sugar)
pourfor / in order toun cadeau pour toi (a present for you)
entrebetweenentre midi et deux heures (between noon and two)
devant / derrièrein front of / behinddevant la gare (in front of the station)
avant / aprèsbefore / afteraprès le dîner (after dinner)

chez is especially useful: it means "at/to someone's place" — chez moi (at my house), chez le médecin (at the doctor's).

pour, sans and de: Special Uses

Two prepositions are commonly followed by an infinitive (the "to" form of the verb):

StructureMeaningExample
pour + inf.in order toJe révise pour réussir. (I revise in order to pass.)
sans + inf.without (doing)Il est parti sans dire au revoir. (He left without saying goodbye.)

Note that pour + infinitive means "in order to", not just "for"; French cannot use a bare "to" here.

Finally, de shows possession, doing the job of the English apostrophe-s. French has no apostrophe-s, so it reverses the order:

  • le sac de Léa — Léa's bag (literally "the bag of Léa")
  • la voiture de mon père — my father's car
  • la fin du film — the end of the film (de + le → du)

Common Mistakes with Prepositions

1. Writing à le or de le

These never exist. à + le becomes au and de + le becomes du: je vais au stade, je reviens du collège.

2. Contracting à la or de la

Only le and les contract. Keep à la, à l', de la and de l' as two words: à la plage, not al plage.

3. Choosing the wrong word for countries

Use en for feminine countries (en France), au for masculine (au Portugal) and aux for plural (aux États-Unis); towns always take à (à Paris).

4. Mixing up jouer à and jouer de

Sports and games take à (jouer au tennis); instruments take de (jouer du violon).

5. Translating possession word for word

There is no apostrophe-s in French. "Marie's brother" is le frère de Marie, literally "the brother of Marie".

Key terms

la préposition (preposition)
A small linking word such as à, de, dans or sur that shows the relationship between words, often place, direction or possession.
la contraction (contraction)
The merging of à or de with le or les into a single word: au, aux, du, des.
à (to/at/in)
A preposition showing location or direction, also used with towns (à Paris) and after certain verbs (commencer à).
de (of/from)
A preposition showing origin or possession (le sac de Léa), also used after certain verbs (décider de).

Frequently asked questions

These are contractions. à + le = au and à + les = aux (je vais au parc, aux magasins). de + le = du and de + les = des (je viens du cinéma, des toilettes). The combinations à la, à l', de la and de l' stay as two words and do not contract.

It depends on gender and number: en for feminine countries (en France, en Espagne), au for masculine countries (au Portugal, au Canada) and aux for plural countries (aux États-Unis). For a town or city, always use à: à Paris, à Londres.

jouer à is used with sports and games: je joue au football, elle joue aux cartes. jouer de is used with musical instruments: je joue du piano, il joue de la guitare. Both contract with le/les to give au/aux and du/des.

Generate revision on any topic you study

Type any topic you're studying and Aicademy generates a complete lesson, quiz, and flashcard set, personalised to your level.

Lessons on anything

Structured, level-matched lessons on any topic you study

Practice quizzes

Find out what you actually know before the exam does

Flashcard sets

Lock in key concepts with instant revision cards

Ask Aica

Stuck on something? Get a clear explanation, any time

Next

Negatives and Questions

Related lessons

6 min

Lesson

Negatives and Questions

AQA GCSE French · AQA 8652

10 days ago

Top students don’t revise more. They revise what counts.

Start revising free

Free to start. No card needed.